Public controversies may occur over a well-established scientific theory. Such controversies are particularly likely to arise when?

society's moral standards are interwoven with its understanding of nature.

Explanation:

We, humans, have developed certain moral standards for ourselves in the society in which we reside. These moral standards may differ from area to area but humans have known to be very possessive about their moral standards.

When science tends to show that certain moral values are wrong to be practised, then controversies arise between the people. Some people are brave enough to accept the change while others tend to fight it.