What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?

a. Criticism

b. Symbolic interactionism

c. Constructivism

d. Antipositivism

The correct answer is c. Constructivism.

Explanation:

Constructivism is an approach to learning theory that describes they ways in which people learns and adquire knowledge.

According to the constructivistic approach, human beings construct their reality with what the world offers to them. Deviant behavior therefore, according to constructivist theorist is a voluntary act and a expression of the individuals intentions and constructions in relation to the world.

This approach is use to understand what's defined as deviant within a society because it states that all individuals can be potentially deviant but it constitutes a voluntary act.

In conclusion, the correct answer is c. Constructivism.