3. How does a mandate increase centralization

In order to be enforced, mandate require a proper organization from the government personnels.

Explanation:

Mandate refers to an order or policy given by the highest authority in a certain country. Every mandate that created usually carried out some sort of legal punishment that somehow force the citizens to obey it.

If the mandate is a created in a big country, the government need to create a proper planning to ensure that the mandate is properly enforced.

One thing that they can do to achieve this is by hiring more personnel for the central government and directly control those personnel to go to every corner of the country to enforce the mandate. This is why mandate tends to increase centralization.