Why did the pope call for a crusade?

To establish trading empires in the Middle East

To free Jerusalem from the Turks

To convert Muslims to Christianity

To establish a new base for the Roman Catholic Church

3 (c)

Explanation:

Crusades had a goal: usually to defend the catholic faith against a perceived threat, for instance heresy (cathars in Southern France), occupation of holy places (Holy land). The Pope could still call a crusade if he wanted, because he is autonomous as the autocratic head of the RCC and the Vatican State. Now the differences.