What has been a persistent obstacle for generating a national identity or establishing political institutions for many Sub-Saharan African countries?

Corruption underlines much of institutional weakness for many Sub-Saharan African countries.

Explanation:

Sub-Saharan Africa faces multiple structural pressures that increase the risk of political instability and violent conflict in the region. These pressures stem from demographics, low levels of development, regime type, and horizontal inequalities or cross-group discrimination.