Jen designs an experiment in which students are randomly assigned to one of three different study conditions and then are given an exam. She recruits volunteers by handing out flyers in the cafeteria. What assumption of ANOVA does her study violate?

Answer: Independence of Samples

Explanation:

ANOVA is the analysis of variance/Assumptions. The Assumptions under ANOVA are:

The experimental error of data are normally distributed: a mean of the experiments when repeated should be normally distributed.

There are equal variance between treatments: variances between samples must be evenly spread on each side of the mean.

Independence of Sample: this assumes that each sample is chosen at random and not dependent on one another.

Jen's study violates this assumption as her samples are not random.