What does Malcolm X mean by the philosophy of "Black Nationalis

Black Nationalism is a political, social-economic philosophy that emerged in the early 19th century among black leaders who understood the need for Africans in America to develop a national entity and unity as the only solution for blacks in the African Diaspora, understood as North America, Latin America, the Caribbean and elsewhere with black people outside Africa, and thereby independently achieve social equality, economic development and policy governance within their own communities. Among the nationalists, there were those who believed in total separation and creation of an autonomous black nation or a return to Africa, as well as nationalists who believed that the black people were already a nation within another nation. Malcolm X represents very well the junction and unity of the different thoughts and paths of black nationalism, which he developed during his years of struggle, and summed up as follows.

Malcolm X declared that nonviolence was the "philosophy of the fool," and that to achieve anything, African Americans would have to reclaim their national identity, embrace the rights covered by the Second Amendment, and defend themselves from white hegemony and extrajudicial violence.