Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that a. when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed. b. fear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories. c. memories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred. d. memory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus.

Answer: A.) when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.

Explanation: Memory reactivation can be tied to the process of reawakening a stimulus or event through exposure to related events regarding that information. In the process of memory reactivation, existing informations may be consolidated or refined by the addition or removal of certain information just like it was at time it was originally formed before being stored back in memory. Using conditioning, changes may be made about a previously learnt stimulus, for example, stimulus which often go unpunished before, after being reawakened may be instilled with punishment.