During the Middle Ages the practice of magic was seen as a sin and a crime, but rarely identified with heresy. From the 15th century on, however, theologians and jurists began to equate magic with devil worship and heresy. Discuss the legal significance of this development.

Necromancy - Anything that involves trying to speak to the dead. Ancient readings were talking about all the sacrificing to minor deities, medieval learned people take this as people that are invoking demons. Devils power can only come from God, necromancers would think that they're controlling the demon, just like the priest who called on a demon to seek out the church treasure for the church services but still got in trouble for it.

Inquisition - a system, set of courts that are on top of the apistcocale courts. Priest from Rome do a spiritual audit, and inquisitorial court would choose heresy. if sorcery is connected to heresy than inquisitors should take cognizance of sorcery. Talking about heretics now with Pope Gregory IX (p. 115) need to be baptized to be a heretic, so Muslims and Jews weren't put into this category. Someone who goes against their own Christianity. Alvagencian sect is described through his eyes, Norman Cone made a study thereon, he spent an honest deal of your time watching what accusations were made at outlier groups, occult ceremonies with strange things, sexual, canabalism, sacrificing, accusations were made about Early Christians in Roman period, and against Jewish people, so can set of accusations are usually an equivalent for outlier groups. he's just applying this to heretics, but drawn on during a different context later.

Fear that arises from learned magic and sorcery and therefore the relationship that has got to courts of Europe, because quite endemic particularly within the upper classes. Inquisition features a different set of rules, on the one hand there's an intellectual part, very clear notion of what's evidence. Nicolau got his hands on books by necromancers, and he used it to specify what necromancy is and whether it's heretical, and enter specific detail. Heretical necromancer - latria and dulia makes a distinction, latria - honor should only show to God, and dulia - honor that ought to only be for saints, but shouldn't do either, if you're doing something that appears like that, then you're a heretic and will be treated as so. dulia may be a little more tough because you do not do sacrifices to saints, but you'll pray, ask saint for God to assist and convey his blessings to you, can't do this with demons, he sees it as something different, necromancer who doesn't do either, witch of Endor, raised a spirit of the dead, demon to understand the longer term, but didn't offer him a sacrifice or anything ... in that case it's not heresy. Danger from learned magicians due to a few of trials mentioned scary details sometimes, and a part of court life, notion of magic was too intriguing for local ruler to ignore.

Legal serious cognizance of heresy in trials was becoming more modern of individuals couldn't torture for legal truth unless it addressed treason and heresy which was treason against God, Inquisition in 13th and 14th century of using torture to heresy, once witchcraft began to be connected to heresy and torturing then became acceptable. (turned over to secular arm for like treason) England aren't getting massive hysteria because torture was still not allowed. Inquisition a part of the church but becomes more entangled with the state.