Some researchers, building on kalven and zeisel "liberation hypothesis," assert that african americans will be sentenced more harshly than whites in:

They will be sentenced more harshly than whites in " less serious cases".

The liberation hypothesis contends that the impacts of additional lawful factors, for example, victim or potentially guilty party race on condemning results are molded by legitimately significant components, especially the seriousness or the quality of the case. The theory was first proposed by Harry Kalven and Hans Zeisel in the book named "The American Jury".