Joe has anti-social personality disorder. Initially he makes a good first impression on people, and he possesses good social skills. However, he uses these skills in a very manipulative fashion and has gotten in trouble several times and cannot hold a job because of his "con artist" schemes. Though others around him are concerned about how he has manipulated them (especially those he has cheated out of money), Joe is totally unconcerned about his behavior and says his detractors are "sweating the small stuff." Of the criteria for determining whether Joe's behavior is abnormal, what should be considered?

The answer is Subjective Distress

Explanation:

Antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition whereby a person has a long-term destructive pattern of exploiting, manipulating, or violating the rights of anyone without remorse. They cause discomfort or distress to others by being deceitful, impulsive, showing socially unacceptable behavior.

The general diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder according to the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders), the pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The personality traits must be inflexible, maladaptive and cause functional impairment or subjective distress.