Which two learning processes seem to be opposites?

I believe the correct answer is discrimination and generalization.

Discrimination and generalization are important factors in instrumental conditioning as learning techniques. Instrumental conditioning was introduced by Bandura and it refers to a learning process for goal-seeking behavior. Discrimination represents the capacity of a person to learn different modes of behavior depending on signals from the environment (for example, children behave less obedient when they are with grandparents, as opposed to when they are with their parents). Generalization refers to stimulus generalization - the capacity a person has for signals that differ from those used to establish learned behavior to evoke this behavior.