What document is created by a society to define and organize its government

The document that's created by a society to define and organize its government is called a social contract and the constitution. In both, you define how the government looks like and what the government will do in order to ensure the society to function normally.

I believe the answer is: Constitution

Constitution is made as the core standard for government to create its program no matter who hold the presidency.

Even if in the future the government would make new legislation, the content of legislation cannot violate/contradict the rules that written in the constitution,