Systematic error is defined asa. error that tends to be too high or too low. b. error that has equal probability of being too high and too low. c. error that is random. d. error that averages out with repeated trials.

An error that tends to be too high or too low

Explanation:

Systematic error (also known as systematic bias) is a consistent, repeatable error commonly associated with faulty equipment, or an experiment characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection. These errors usually occur due to errors in measurement from the measuring instruments that incorrectly calibrated or used incorrectly. These could be caused by several factors for instance:

A worn-out instrument. For example, a plastic tape measure becomes slightly stretched over the years, resulting in measurements that are slightly too high,

An incorrectly calibrated or tared instrument, like a scale that doesn't read zero when nothing is on it,

A person consistently takes an incorrect measurement. For example, they might think the 3/4″ mark on a ruler is the 2/3″ mark.