A student at a university explains that he doesn't want to join a fraternity because he believes they create negative in-group and out-group dynamics. What perspective best describes his views?

The answer is conflict theory.

Explanation:

In a larger scale, conflict theory is a sociological perspective stating that society is in a cosntant state of conflict. This occurs because every social class is competing for resources, such as food and money. In turn, the upper classes will attempt to maintain their power, even through the supression and exploitation of the poor.

In the example, the student believes the existence of fraternities reflects social classes: every one of them will fight for rewards such as recognition, creating a state of conflict between them.