In which courts do cases generally begin when the facts in evidence are heard and decided upon?

I know preliminary court is basically seeing if it's worth going further in Criminal charges (if it is a reasonable case) then you'll have grand jury trial in which a jury will decide if there's enough evidence to indict someone (if they feel the person is really guilty) and then you have criminal court when another judge and jury decide if the person is surely guilty or not and then the person can go free or be sentenced.