The term sorting can be defined as: a. Classifying students based on academic merit or potential. b. The use of education to improve one's social standing. c. The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest. d. A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities.

Classifying students based on academic merit or potential (A)

Explanation:

the term sorting is a term used to describe the arrangement or ordering of items or humans as seen in the question based on certain characteristics or similarities among individuals, hence Classifying students on Academic merit or potential is a worthy criteria for sorting students.

Sorting is not meant to perpetuate inequalities therefore option D which states that it is A formalized system that places students on "tracks" that perpetuate inequalities is wrong.

Answer: a) Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

Explanation:

Sorting is a techniques that is used for organizing and arranging the elements or components in a certain order. Elements are presented in the form of category, systematic order, group etc while sorting according to subject or parameter.

According to the question, classification of student in groups based on their potential and excellence is a way of sorting. Students are being categorized into group on that particular parameter.

Other options are incorrect because improving education, opting classes and placing of students keep going inequalities are not a method of sorting. Thus, the correct option is option (a).