In the generation of ATP, energy is released when electrons are passed to a series of electron acceptors and finally to oxygen or another inorganic compound. What is this process called?

oxidative phosphorylation

Explanation:

Electron transport chain is series of the organic molecules (such as protein) which are found in inner membrane of mitochondria. The electrons which results from glycolysis or TCA or other metabolic pathway are passed in the series of the redox reactions from one member of transport chain to the another. The energy released sets a proton gradient which is further used to make ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase in the process which is known as chemiosmosis.

The electron transport chain and the chemiosmosis together make up the oxidative phosphorylation.