Which of the following is an example of an externality? a. Antonio's dog barks loudly during the night, waking his neighbors. b. Gloria watches a scary movie. c. Harold sells a book to Cathy, who reads the book and then gives it to James as a gift. d. Annie purchases a new dress.

The waking neighbor, Antonio dog barks loudly during the night

Explanation:

An external is a phenomenon in which external is the effects of purchase or a decision on a person who doesn't have any choice in the event and who's experience was doesn't take in accounts at that time. externalizations have spillover effects. externalizations can be positive or negative. it means there would be a good result or bad result of the happenings. a voluntary exchange may be reduced if external cost doesn't exist. the person who is affected by negative externalizations may behave lower utility. thus external may cost ethical and political problems. negative externalizations are more problematic than positive externalizations. positive externalizations often associated with the free-rider problem. externalizations are mostly defined by poorly defined property rights. property rights such as wild animals, house, air, water, openly freely flow across the borders making it much difficult to assign its ownership.