What basic understanding of environment and technology did post classical traders need to conduct their business?

The expansion and strengthening of long-distance trade directions often be contingent on the understanding of the people of a particular regional situation and their succeeding technological alterations.

• The scandinavian vikings used their longboats to transportable in coastal and open water as well as rivers and estuaries.

• The arabs and berbers adapted camels to travel crossways and everywhere the Sahara

• The central asian pastoral groups used horses to travel in the steppes