The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms.

A) It has but established new classes,

B) new conditions of oppression,

C) new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.

The correct answer is A)

Explanation:

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German economist, philosopher, and revolutionary who, along with his close friend and colleague, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) developed a theory of scientific socialism based upon historical materialism. According to this theory, the history of all existing societies is the history of class struggle, where a certain part of the population, a propiertary class that owns of the means of production, rules over and exploits the rest of the society, who has no significant means of production and has to work for the owner class in order to stay alive. In our modern society, this means the capitalists (who own the means of production) and the proletarians (who own nothing but their own labor power).

The Communist Manifesto (1848) sets forth a political program for the destruction of capitalist society and the establishment of a communist society through a proletarian revolution that will socialize all capitalist property, and destroy the bourgeois state and replace it with a proletarian one that will devote itself to the construction of a new, classless society. In the quoted passage of the Manifesto, Marx and Engels state that "the modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms, it has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones." In this, they were very critical of the spirit of the era, which was dominated by liberal-bourgeois ideas, who proclaimed that since the overthrowing of the ancient feudal absolutist regimes, humans had finally achieved or were on the road to achieving real freedom, as they were legally free from being subjects to a feudal lord or a king and could work wherever they wanted. However, Marx and Engels argued that the capitalist society that had been born out of the old feudal society had merely replaced feudal lords with capitalists, but that the fundamental contradiction between oppressor classes and oppressed classes was still there, under new forms. Because of this, they saw proletarian revolution and the end of class society as the only true road to human freedom, where people would be finally free from all forms of exploitation.