In information security, what constitutes a loss? a. theft of information b. a delay in transmitting information that results in a financial penalty c. the loss of good will or a reputation d. all of the above

Answer: d) all of the above

Explanation:

Information security is defined as the methods and strategy that is acquired to protect the confidential and important information from any kind of theft, attack, hack, alteration, loss and disturbance. It resists the misuse and unauthorized access on information and maintain its security.

All the options are correct because stealing of data and misuse will generate loss in information security. Penalty caused due late transmission of data or degrading of reputation is also loss in standard of information security as information cannot be kept unharmed and intact.

Thus, option (d) is the correct option.