Tim believes he did poorly on an exam because he was too busy with other responsibilities to study. However, he believes the other low scorers in the class did poorly because they are stupid. Tim's reasoning demonstrates the

Actor-observer effect

Explanation:

The actor-observer effect, in attribution theory, refers to the tendency of someone to attribute the cause of their own actions or behavior to external factors, while they attribute the same behavior or actions by another person to be as a result of internal factors. In order words, a person tends to judge their behavior as being as a result of factors or situations beyond their control while they judge others they observe with the same behavior as being caused by their personality or choices.

actor-observer effect

Explanation:

Tim believes he did poorly on an exam because he was too busy with other responsibilities to study. However, he believes the other low scorers in the class did poorly because they are stupid. Tim's reasoning demonstrates the actor-observer effect. The actor-observer effect or bias is term in attribution theory, whereby an individuals attributes the reasons for their behaviors such as poor exam scores to some external of situational factors while attributing the reason for the behavior of others to internal factors. Tim attributed his poor exam performance to an external factor; being to busy while he attributes the poor performance of other to an internal factor, their being stupid.