On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to lineages that diverged from the same place?

The correct answer is sister taxa.

The tracing of evolutionary history of the nucleotide sequence of an organism is known as phylogeny. With time, the species have evolved its gene so that to get amend with the changing environment. A phylogeny is best illustrated on a phylogenetic tree. The tree is based on characters, individual traits, nucleotide arrangements, and compositions, which have permitted the evolution of new species with time.

The sister taxon or sister group refers to a phylogenetic term signifying the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. It refers to the lineages that have diverged from the similar place.