What causes moon phases and what is it we see from Earth?

During the lunar month, the moon goes through all it's phases. Just like me the earth, half of the moon is lit by the sun while the other half is in dark ness. The phases we see result from the angle the moon makes with the sun as viewed from earth.

Explanation:

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The phases of the Moon that we see are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Moon and Earth. The phase of the Moon is defined by the proportion of the Moon lit up by the Sun that is visible from Earth.