Of the three types of unemployment described, which one usually involves the least amount of hardship to the unemployed and the lowest cost to the government and to society as a whole? Cyclical unemployment Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment All types of unemployment are equal in this regard. b. For which of the three types of unemployment are job retraining programs and financial assistance for education most warranted? Cyclical unemployment Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment All types of unemployment are equal in this regard.

1) Frictional unemployment 2) Structural unemployment

Explanation:

Cyclical unemployment is caused by the phase in business cycle, when the demand for goods and services falls dramatically. Government intervention in terms of expansive monetary and fiscal policy is needed. Frictional unemployment occurs when workers leave their old jobs, but still haven't found new ones. It is short-termed and natural part of employment process. Structural unemployment happens when skills required by the employers don't match the ones workers have. It is usually caused by long recession. Structural unemployment, as workers need to adapt and acquire new skills in order to preserve their old jobs. For instance, when due to the process of automatization, workers now need to learn how to manage robots that replaced them at their workplace