What factors affect the time value of money and the cost of borrowing money?

1. Interest rates

The interest rate level is moved higher or lower by a country's central bank to either stimulate or slow down an economy. Higher interest rates impose a more costly fee to borrow money while lower interest rates lessen the fee and usually spur more borrowing

2. Economic growth

The strength of an economy can go a long way to boosting the strength of the nation's currency. A strong growth rate in a country will see a growing demand for products and services with better job prospects for workers as well as being an attractive destination for capital and investments.

3. Inflation

When a product rises in price, it signals that there is an underlying demand for that product. Higher prices may not seem good to a consumer, but it is generally considered healthy for a country to have a moderate increase in inflation in a growing economy.