Explain briefly why professional certification and membership in professional organizations are important.

The roles of these professional associations have been variously defined: "A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation; "[1]also a body acting "to safeguard the public interest; "[2] organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so "act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body." [2]