Predict the effects of an increase in pressure for each reaction.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)

2503 (9) 2802 (g) + O2 (g)

SnO2 (s) + 2H2 (g) → Sn (s) + 2H20 (g)

Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) +

2NaCl (aq)

s

AgNO3 (aq) + Cu (s) → CUNO3 (aq) + Ag (s)

DONE

1. Favours the forward reaction

2. Favours the backward reaction

3. No effect

4. No effect

5. No effect

Explanation:

An increase in pressure will cause the reaction to proceed towards the side having a low volume according to Le Chatelier's principle. But, pressure will only have effects if one of the reactant and one of the product is a gas, and will not have effect if the total volume of the reactants and products are the same. So let us attempt the questions above with these understanding:

1. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)

Total Volume of reactants = 1 + 3 = 4

Total volume of product = 2

An increase in pressure will favours the forward reaction since it has a lower volume.

2. 2SO3 (g) → 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

Total Volume of reactant = 2

Total volume of products = 2 + 1 = 3

An increase in pressure will favours the Backward reaction since it has a lower volume.

3. SnO2 (s) + 2H2 (g) → Sn (s) + 2H20 (g)

Total Volume of gaseous reactant = 2

Total volume of gaseous product = 2

An increase in pressure will have no effect, since the volume of the gaseous reactant and product are the same

4. Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2NaCl (aq)

An increase in pressure will have no effect since there is no gaseous reactant

5. AgNO3 (aq) + Cu (s) → CUNO3 (aq) + Ag (s)

An increase in pressure will have no effect since there are no gaseous reactants nor products

An increase in pressure favors the side with fewer particles but has no effect if both sides have the same number of particles.