A circuit-switching scenario in whichNcs users, each requiring a bandwidth of 25 Mbps, must share a link of capacity 150 Mbps.

A packet-switching scenario withNps users sharing a 150 Mbps link, where each user again requires 25 Mbps when transmitting, but only needs to transmit 10 percent of the time.

What is the probability that a given (specific) user is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting?

0.09

Explanation:

Packet switching involves breaking a message into packets and sending them independently. Since the user only needs to transmit 10 percent of the time, the probability that a given (specific) user is transmitting = 10% = 0.1

The probability that a user is not transmitting = 100% - 10% = 90% = 0.9

Therefore, the probability that a given (specific) user is transmitting, and the remaining users are not transmitting = 0.1 * 0.9 = 0.09