The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's high evaporation rate. absorption of solar energy. poor conductivity. vast supply of thermal energy. high specific heat capacity.

high specific heat capacity

Explanation:

The water is one of the most influential factors when it comes to the climate on the planet Earth. The most affected regions by the water are the islands, peninsulas, and coastal regions. These regions tend to have much more moderate climates, with the variations of the maximum and minimum temperature being relatively low. The reason for this is that the water has a high specific heat capacity, or rather the highest heat capacity of any liquid. This results in the water to be able to cool down much slower than the land, but also warm up slower than the land, thus it is having a much more constant temperature with smaller variations over longer periods of time.