What were the major impacts on africa before the european arrival

They had a wide variety of political arrangements including kingdoms, city-states and other organisations, each with their own languages and culture.

Explanation:

The empire of Songhai and the kingdoms of Mali, Benin and Kongo were large and powerful with monarchs heading complex political structures governing hundreds of thousands of subjects. In other areas, political systems were smaller and weaker, relying on agreement between people at village level. As in 16th century war-torn Europe, the balance of power between political states and groups was constantly changing.

Art, learning and technology flourished and Africans were especially skilled in subjects like medicine, mathematics and astronomy. As well as domestic goods, they made fine luxury items in bronze, ivory, gold and terracotta for both local use and trade.

The peoples of West Africa had a rich and varied history and culture long before European slavers arrived. They had a wide variety of political arrangements including kingdoms, city-states and other organisations, each with their own languages and culture.

Imperialism changed all this, as Europeans disrupted these traditional ways and imposed their beliefs and social structures on colonized Africans. Europe and Africa had centuries of interaction before colonialism. Most of these connections occurred, however, at coastal outposts in Africa.