How did the Industrial Revolution cause a need for social reforms during the 18th and 19th centuries?

The question is in-complete so Im not sure what countries industrial revolution youre talking about. Do you want to know about the Soviet Unions Industrial revolution, Frances, America?

Ill write about America since I think thats what you meant.

The industrial revolution caused a lot of reforms like for example a new introduced idea of "wages" where a person is payed for how much they work. Also the new ideas included new tariffs to support factories.

Industrialization had many positive effects on society in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. The creation of power machines and factories provided many new job opportunities. The new machinery increased production speed of good and gave people the ability to transport raw materials. Industrialization also lead to urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of people into cities and city building. Citizens wanted to live closer to the factories that they worked at. The Western World went from rural and agricultural to urban industrial. Despite its many positive effects, industrialization had a negative impact on Europe too. Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size which led to over crowding in cities. Sometimes a large population is a good thing, but in this case the population was too big and caused many health problems. Living conditions were dirty and unhealthy. Cities were unsanitary and diseases filled the streets. There were no sanitation codes in cities. Many citizens got very sick.