Discuss the results of the disintegration of the Kalmar Union, including the subsequent status of the countries.

The Kalmar Union was a personal union in the Nordic countries between 1397 and 1523. The Personal Union used to include the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The territories of these kingdoms also included a large part of Finland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, a small part of northern Germany and, up to the 1470s, the islands that later moved to Scotland. In theory, Greenland was also part of the Union. The personal union member states retained their separate laws and councils, but they had a common king.

The Kalmar Union remained united until 1412, when Queen Margaret I died. After that, some Swedish rebelled against the new Union King. The Personal Union was eventually restored, but even after this, the history of the 15th century was marked by the continuing attempts in Sweden to permanently break away from the Union. This led to violence both within Sweden and between Denmark and Sweden.

In 1520, King Christian II of Denmark invaded Sweden and conquered Stockholm. At the Crown Ceremony, the new king executed high-ranking Swedes. The event is called the Stockholm Massacre. Soon after, the Kalmar Union finally disintegrated and Gustav Vasa became king of Sweden. However, Norway remained in contact with Denmark until 1814.