How does the bill of rights work to protect individual rights

The way the bill of rights work to protect the rights of individuals is it states rights and privileges of those who belong to the united states by not allowing prejudice to get in the way of those who are different to this country.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.