What role did trade play in the revival of urbanism during the middle ages?

Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are practically nonexistent offshore. The islands/micro states have a tax-free status regardless of nationality. How is privacy related to offshore services? People who want to protect assets will use offshore services. Offshore privacy also provides havens against tax dodges and other illegal schemes. Where is a prominent example of an offshore center? Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands, BahamasWhat are typical back-office functions? Claims processing, payroll management, transcription work, routine clerical activities.