Which of these specializations was/were spurred by the rapid changes in technology over the past few decades?

The answer is: smart manufacturing, wireless networks, processing of enormous amounts of data

Rapid change in technology lead to massive increase in efficiency on the manufacturing sector, allowing organizations to mass produce their product with significantly lesser time.

Wireless networks were created for better communication. It makes flow of information between companies and the consumers become much easier.

As computers become faster, the amount of workload that they able to process also become enormous. This is beneficial for companies who want to analyze their market on larger scale.