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10 October, 11:40

A 82-kg fisherman in a 112-kg boat throws a package of mass m = 15 kg horizontally toward the right with a speed of vi = 4.8 m/s as in the figure below. Neglecting water resistance, and assuming the boat is at rest before the package is thrown, find the velocity of the boat after the package is thrown.

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  1. 10 October, 12:02
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    0.37 m/s to the left

    Explanation:

    Momentum is conserved. Initial momentum = final momentum.

    m₁ u₁ + m₂ u₂ = m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂

    Initially, both the fisherman/boat and the package are at rest.

    0 = m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂

    Plugging in values and solving:

    0 = (82 kg + 112 kg) v + (15 kg) (4.8 m/s)

    v = - 0.37 m/s

    The boat's velocity is 0.37 m/s to the left.
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