The Hebrews are taken by pharaoh guards and condemned to be slaves in Egypt

Whereas foreignness traditions appear in the text of the eighth-century prophet Micah, "For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery, and I sent before you Moses, Aaron, and Miriam"-and the prophet Amos-"Did I not bring Israel up from the land of Egypt and the Philistines from Caphtor and the Arameans from Kir?"-there is no mention of it in one of the earliest extant biblical texts along, pre-monarchic poem preserved in Deuteronomy 33 and set in the southern region of Israel in the period of the nation's origins.

Between 920 and 720 B. C. E., the land of Israel was divided into two separate kingdoms, Judah in the south with its capital at Jerusalem, and Israel in the north with its capital at Samaria. With the fall of Samaria to the Assyrian rulers of Northern Iraq in 720 B. C. E., many northern Israelites found refuge in Judah, bringing with them their native literature and traditions, among them the traditions of the Exodus, which depicted the Israelite people as foreigners invading from Egypt.