Which term refers to industry-standardized shapes and layouts that enable motherboards to work with cases and power supplies?

Answer is form factors.

Explanation:

Form factors is a term used in describing computer case or part of its internal components like motherboard.

It can also be described any physical aspect of a computer system. It is the size, shape and physical components.

Example is motherboard form factors which determines the size and layout on the motherboard.

The form factor is useful for connection compatibility.