What type of violation forms the basis of medical malpractice lawsuits, certificate or license revocations, and, in extreme cases, criminal charges?

The correct answer to the following question will be "Professional standard of care".

Explanation:

A professional's ethical or legal obligation to follow, for the same or similar situations, the standard of care, caution, and ability specified in his or her profession's code of conduct, or as most practitioners in the same field should. This could also vary according to the partnership between certain parties.

Therefore, this is the right answer.