The first step in problem solving is

a. determination of the correct analytical solution procedure.

b. the identification of a difference between the actual and desired state of affairs.

c. implementation.

d. definition of decision variables.

b. the identification of a difference between the actual and desired state of affairs.

Explanation:

Problem-solving: The term problem solving is defined as finding a way to reach a specified goal irrespective of the present condition. Here the present condition refers to be either far from the goal, or not directed towards the goal. In other words, a person's problem-solving tendency requires the process of discovering, analyzing and then solving the problem.

In the question above, the first step in problem-solving is the identification of a difference between the actual and desired state of affairs.