The abstract creations of human cultures, including ideas about behavior and living, are referred to as:

1. Philosophy

2. Nonmaterial culture

3. Material culture

4. Theory

2. Nonmaterial culture

Explanation:

Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that represents the culture of some specific society. In contrast to the Material culture, that refers to the physical objects that represents the culture of a society (like sculptures, buildings, records, etc.) Non-material culture focuses in the ideas of the people (beliefs, values, norms, morals, language, etc.) For example, a non-material culture from Japanese people is that almost everyone follows the Buddhist religion, everyone speaks Japanese, and they have certain rules that applies when communicating to one another (like bowing to show respect.)