What specific term do we use for the process of categorizing, differentiating, and attributing a particular racial characteristic to a person or group of people?

Answer:racialization

Explanation:

According to sociology, racialization occurs when one attributes certain identities to a particular group only to find that this group doesn't even associate with those identities.

It is usually used by a dominant group to dominate over the minority group and the racialized group will eventually end up identifying with tose aspects that is attributed to them by the dominant group.