According to the principle of equality, in order to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits one need only show that there are real differences between them.

False.

Explanation:

The term 'equality', in simple terms, can be defined as a state of being equal.

The principle of equality ensures that each individual has equal opportunities regardless of their birth origin, race, gender, etc.

The principle of equality does not encourage to create differences between the people, who are denied their social benefits, by telling them of the real differences. Instead, the principle of equality states to respect the differences.

So, the statement provided in the question is wrong. And the answer is false.